Welcome to Kulon Lighting StandardsFor the past 12 years, Hangzhou Kulon Electronics Co., Ltd. has provided an efficient means of lighting that has complimented various locations around the world.We utilize our dedications and creativity to offer a broad array of li...

With the further increase in performance characteristics of LEDs and the advent of OLEDs the application sector of LEDs has expanded. Below are some of the new uses of LEDs:Luminous walls and ceilingsTransparent walls and partitions that turn opaque at different times of the day.Solar powered fabricsLuminous garments

O-LEDs are thin, flat, two dimensional surfaces offering a soft, glare-free luminous surface. Some versions of OLED are flexible. They can be transparent, mirrored or diffused when not electrically connected.

O-LEDs are organic light emitting diodes. They are made of carbon based films sandwiched between two electrodes; one is a metallic cathode and one is a transparent anode, which is usually transparent glass.

These terms do not have any photometric or engineering meaning. However, "cold lumens" is the light output of the LED chip alone when it is first switched on. "Hot lumens", refers to the light output of the LED when it is fully warmed up in the luminaire. The hot lumen value may be 30% - 50% lower than the cold lumen value.

When comparing the lumen output between LEDs and conventional light sources, LEDs may have lower lumen value in many cases. However LEDs are directional light sources, all the lumens emitted from an LED are directed towards the task area. Conversely, conventional sources emit light in all directions. The light is then modulated in a given direction with optical systems like reflectors and lenses. ...

This may occur if you are using the same product from the same brand, with the same optics and hardware. However, in general, the nature of the components (like the optical system, the heat sink, the LED chip, and the driver) affects the output more than the wattage does. A 3watt LED luminaire from one manufacturer will have a different output to a 3watt LED luminaire from another manufacturer, ev...

Sometimes simply comparing the lumen output of LEDs and conventional light sources may not be adequate. The amount of light falling on a specific task area (the lux) gives a more realistic comparison. You should also consider the amount illumination visible on the walls. This helps identify applications where LEDs offer better solutions than other light sources.

More rugged O rings and gaskets for more robust seals.Thicker enclosures to prevent movement around seals to prevent breakage of seals.Additional bolting around gaskets and seals to prevent snapping of seals.A vent made of two-way permeable membrane. This allows water vapor and gas to pass through but not liquid water.

The LED chip, or light engine produces heat. This needs to be dissipated as quickly as possible. This is normally done by with a heat sink, which often has fins. Cool LEDs are more efficient than hot ones. They also have a longer life. Of course, higher power LEDs generally run hotter than low power ones because of the extra heat to remove.

No. It is true that there is no heat, IR, in the beam. However, the LED fixture itself, does produce heat. However it may become warm, or hot, to the touch.

Heat build up occurs as the luminaire is turned on, and as it cools down when it is switched off.Pressure changes caused by a change in altitude and environmental conditions during transportation in cargo holds or in planes.Thermal shock due to rain, snow or washing cycles.

The LED drivers can fail early due to ingress of moisture or condensation. The driver enclosure needs to be properly sealed to prevent this.LEDs are less resistant to damp than other light sources. This means that particular attention needs to be given to the light fixture seal and cable glands.

Here are few of the ways in which glare can be reduced from LEDs:Use of microprismatic technology to develop special diffusers that disperses light from individual LEDs. This system gives out homogeneous light with optimum levels of contrast avoiding any direct or reflected glare.Design of secondary reflectors systems; where the primary reflector, which will hide the view of the LED and direct the...

This is usually due to incompatibility between the driver and the control system. When purchasing an LED product, it is important to use the correct driver type as specified by the manufacturer. It is also important to check that the LED is dimmable. Some retrofits are not.

For applications where single colors and white LEDs are used, analogue or PWM dimming protocols can be used to switch or dim LEDs. For intelligent controls like creating dynamic effects, tuning of white light etc, DMX or Ethernet protocols can be used. Digital dimming works better with large numbers of luminaires.

Analogue dimming is usually referred to as 1 - 10v dimming. In this case, a dc voltage is sent to the driver, which dims the LEDs in response to the voltage. With digital dimming, the driver receives a digital signal which tells it how to respond. The advantage of digital dimming is that fixtures are addressable. You can also have many more different levels of light output when using digital dimmi...

Following are the advantages of PWM dimming:Smooth dimming capabilityMore precise output levelsBetter consistency in color over various levels

LEDs are dimmed either by Pulse Width Modulation PWM, or by Constant Current Reduction CCR. PWM dimming involves switching current at a high frequency from zero to the rated output current. CCR dimming: The lighting level required is proportional to the current flowing through the LED. Current flows through the LED continuously and is reduced or increased based on whether the LED is to be dimmed f...

LED drivers need to be mounted in a ventilated space. Access to the driver needs to be provided for general maintenance purposes. The IP (ingress protection) rating of the driver needs to be considered before finalizing the mounting location of the driver (only those drivers designed for outdoor environments can be located outdoors). The distance between the driver and the light source needs to be...

LEDs driven by 24V drivers have longer permissible distances between light source and driver compared to 12V DC LEDs. 12V LEDs are usually suitable for applications where low light outputs are required. 24V LEDs offer products with higher outputs than 12V products.

The maximum permissible distance is dependent on the LED load, the conductor size, and the driver used. There is little practical limit on the distance between the driver and LED if you are using a constant current driver because it increases the output voltage to overcome any volt drop caused by the cable length. The distance between the LED and the driver is more important for constant voltage d...

LEDs work more efficiently in cold temperatures and their lifecycle is extended since the cold air offers a passive heat absorption mechanism. This gives LEDs an advantage in various applications like ice-skating rings / tracks, refrigeration applications, and lighting public places in colder countries.

Underground stalactites are damaged by the heat of halogen lamps. LEDs, with their long lifecycle also require much less maintenance than traditional light sources.

LED lighting, although more expensive than its incandescent predecessors in automobile lighting, works as a cost effective solution. This is because its digital features simplify wiring, controls and the installation process. LEDs offer high-quality light in terms of color-rendering and they provide lighting solutions that result in comfort and a more comfortable, enjoyable driving experience. How...

Using LEDs in mining areas has the following benefits:Better focus on work areaSafer enivronment due to low glare and LEDs being cool to touchNo start-up timeBeing solid state the workplace is easier to make it explosion-proof and vibration-proofLED can be powered with AC or DC and has longer battery backup with option of charging battery with solar panelsLED lights can be installed with satellite...

LEDs offer the capability of changing from warm white to cool white through digital control of the LEDs. This can be used in indoor or partly outdoor environments where the illumination level and color temperature can be adjusted to match the outdoor conditions (e.g. sunny, clear sky or overcast) depending on the feel required in the space.

In retail and display environments where the range of products change by the season, the colors can be changed to match the type of product on display. For example, electronic goods may require a cool white light while a warmer tone may be required for fabrics. When a fashion season has red as a theme, the store can utilize a color of light with more red in its spectrum to enhance and bring out th...

It is important to compare the spectral power distribution of the light source (SPD), the Color Rendering Index (CRI), Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) and the Color Quality Scale (CQS) of the light source relative to the nature of exhibits / displays to be lit. The illumination level needed within the exhibition and the hours of operation also need to be considered. This is a specialist area, a...

LEDs have the following advantages over neon:Power consumption: LEDs use much less power than neon to deliver the same light output.Versatility: LEDs offer a far wider a range of products and configuration of solutions than neon. Neon lights have limitations due the nature by which they produce light and the way they are fabricated.Heat dissipation: LEDs produce less heat than neon.Safety: Neon li...

The lamp base / holder screw fixing position.The physical dimension of the LED lamp and how it fits into the existing housing.The electrical characteristics of LEDs compared to the existing system. (mains voltage, low voltage, control methods).The location and size of the light emitting surface in relation to the luminaire reflector and in comparison to the original light source.The light distribu...

Here are some of the aspects that need to be taken into consideration: when Luminaire spacing and layout.Ways to prevent a view of the light source and minimize glare.Ventilation/cooling of LEDsWiring accessAccess to LEDs in case of maintenance or replacement.Location of driver, if not integrated in luminaire.Switching / dimming capabilities, or control type and location.

Some of the strategies for reducing the cost of LEDs in the future are: Reduction in the production process.Simplification and reduction in the number of components.Introduction of new materials.

Although the initial cost of conventional light sources is less than LEDs, the operational and maintenance costs of LED are significantly lower. LEDs, having a longer life, reduce maintenance and lamp replacement cost. . Because LEDs need to be replaced less frequently, the owner spends less on new lamps and the labor needed to change them. LEDs also consume less energy; thus the overall cost of a...

LEDs are made of electronic components that need to be packaged together to offer long lasting efficient light sources to the end user. Apart from the LED chip itself which has sapphire and gallium in the semiconductor, the process of packaging with materials like ceramic, rare earth phosphors, silicone, solder and gold wire add to the overall cost. White LEDs require further tests for calibration...

O-LEDs are organic light emitting diodes. They are made of carbon based films sandwiched between two electrodes; one is a metallic cathode and one is a transparent anode, which is usually transparent glass.

No. LEDs directly convert electrical energy to photons. It is a one step process of electroluminescence that does not require time to reach maximum output. Other sources such as fluorescents or HID, work on discharge technology. This requires an arc to warm up and may take a few minutes to reach full output.

LEDs produce light by direct conversion of electrical energy to light energy.On the other hand incandescent light sources produce light by heating a filament until it grows red hot. Linear and compact fluorescent lamps use a UV discharge plus a phosphor to produce the light. HID lamps use the ionization of gases in a discharge tube which in turn produce photons.

A typical LED is made with a chip, which is the semiconductor that produces the light when electrically connected. The chip is connected by a very thin bond wire to a lead electrical contact that acts as the cathode. The chip is bonded with a thermal heat sink and a ceramic base. The chip is enclosed by a lens that not only protects the chip, but also modulates the light beam to the desired angle,...

Light emitting diodes produce light by the movement of electrons between the two terminals of diode, which occur by a process called electroluminescence. When a light emitting diode is electrically connected, electrons start moving at the junction of the N-type and P-type semiconductors within the diode. When there is a jump over of electrons at the p-n junction, the electron loses a portion of it...